A steep decline in user base and revenues has left India’s premier investment tech platforms and discount brokers like Zerodha, Groww, Angel One rattled with the national markets regulator tightening its noose around the high-volume and high-risk F&O trading activities.
India’s broking industry has thrived for years on a model built on zero-cost or deeply discounted equity delivery trading, and fees charged from high-turnover, low-cost derivative volumes. Retail investors, encouraged by mobile-first platforms and low entry barriers,…








