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In computing, the runtime is the environment where code is actively executed. It includes everything between the application and the hardware: the operating system, language runtime, kernel interfaces and execution context. Historically, this environment was tightly controlled, often running a single workload on a dedicated server. Security was enforced by the operating system, firewalls and network segmentation.
Today, that model has collapsed. Modern applications are built as distributed microservices, deployed across dynamic infrastructure…
