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Alerta Tormenta Tropical Melissa: El Caribe se Prepara ante el Riesgo de Huracán

Melissa avanza lentamente y amenaza con lluvias catastróficas

Una alerta tormenta tropical Melissa se ha emitido para gran parte del Caribe mientras el fenómeno meteorológico continúa intensificándose sobre aguas cálidas. Según el Centro Nacional de Huracanes (NHC), Melissa podría alcanzar la categoría de huracán de gran intensidad este fin de semana, con vientos que podrían superar los 160 km/h.

La tormenta tropical se encontraba este miércoles a unos 480 kilómetros al sur de Haití, con vientos máximos sostenidos de 80 km/h y desplazándose lentamente a 3 km/h. Su movimiento pausado preocupa a los meteorólogos, ya que podría dejar lluvias prolongadas y acumulaciones superiores a los 300 mm, especialmente en zonas montañosas de Haití, República Dominicana y Jamaica.

“La situación podría volverse crítica si Melissa se fortalece sobre las aguas cálidas del Caribe central”, advirtió el NHC. “Las inundaciones repentinas y los deslizamientos de tierra son posibles y podrían ser mortales.”

Alertas activas en Haití y Jamaica

La alerta tormenta tropical Melissa se encuentra vigente en Jamaica, mientras que Haití está bajo una alerta de huracán, ante la posibilidad de que el sistema se intensifique durante el fin de semana.

Los gobiernos locales han comenzado a preparar planes de emergencia, activar refugios temporales y suspender clases en áreas vulnerables. En República Dominicana, las autoridades monitorean de cerca el desarrollo de la tormenta, que podría impactar directamente el sur del país a partir del sábado.

El Servicio Meteorológico de Jamaica informó que las bandas de lluvia asociadas a Melissa ya comienzan a afectar el territorio con tormentas eléctricas y ráfagas de viento. Se recomienda a la población mantenerse informada y evitar desplazamientos innecesarios.

Melissa podría convertirse en huracán categoría 3

Los meteorólogos prevén que Melissa alcance fuerza de huracán el sábado por la mañana, impulsada por temperaturas oceánicas superiores a los 29°C, consideradas “combustible perfecto” para los ciclones tropicales.

De cumplirse las proyecciones, Melissa sería el quinto huracán de la temporada atlántica 2025 y el cuarto de categoría 3 o superior, lo que demuestra la actividad inusual de esta temporada.

“La combinación de aguas cálidas y una atmósfera húmeda favorece una rápida intensificación”, explicó Mary Gilbert, meteoróloga de CNN. “Melissa tiene el potencial de convertirse en uno de los huracanes más potentes del Caribe este año.”

Inundaciones y deslizamientos: los mayores peligros

Más allá de los vientos, el principal riesgo asociado a la alerta tormenta tropical Melissa son las lluvias torrenciales. En Haití y República Dominicana podrían acumularse más de 300 milímetros de lluvia, generando inundaciones repentinas y deslizamientos de tierra en regiones montañosas.

Las autoridades locales han advertido que los suelos saturados y la deforestación aumentan el riesgo de derrumbes. En Jamaica, se esperan crecidas de ríos y cortes eléctricos por caída de árboles.

Además, los meteorólogos advierten que el lento desplazamiento de Melissa podría mantener las lluvias intensas durante varios días sobre las mismas áreas, amplificando los daños potenciales.

Trayectoria incierta: ¿Podría afectar a Cuba o EE. UU.?

El pronóstico actual indica que Melissa podría virar hacia el noroeste a comienzos de la próxima semana, con posibles impactos en Cuba y las Bahamas. Aunque el Centro Nacional de Huracanes considera “baja” la probabilidad de que el sistema toque tierra en Estados Unidos, no descarta que genere fuertes oleajes y corrientes de resaca en la costa este del país.

En caso de que la tormenta se mantenga débil por más tiempo, Florida podría entrar en la zona de vigilancia a finales de octubre, dependiendo de los patrones atmosféricos de los próximos días.

Cambio climático e intensificación rápida

Los expertos vinculan la evolución de Melissa con los efectos del cambio climático. A medida que el planeta se calienta, las tormentas tropicales tienden a intensificarse más rápidamente.

Este año, tres de los cuatro huracanes atlánticos —Erin, Gabrielle y Humberto— experimentaron un crecimiento explosivo en pocas horas, una tendencia que preocupa a la comunidad científica.

“Melissa podría ser otro ejemplo de cómo el calentamiento global está aumentando la energía disponible para estos sistemas”, indicó Briana Waxman, especialista en clima de CNN.

Conclusión: Preparación y vigilancia constante

La alerta tormenta tropical Melissa continuará activa en los próximos días mientras la tormenta se fortalece y define su trayectoria. Los gobiernos del Caribe mantienen operativos de emergencia y recomiendan a la población tener listas provisiones, linternas y documentos importantes en caso de evacuación.

La temporada de huracanes del Atlántico se extiende oficialmente hasta el 30 de noviembre, por lo que el Caribe aún debe permanecer en alerta máxima durante las próximas semanas.


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