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Cometa 3I/ATLAS: La NASA Activa Discretamente su Defensa Planetaria ante un Misterioso Visitante Interestelar

La NASA ha activado de manera discreta su sistema de defensa planetaria tras detectar un comportamiento inusual en el cometa interestelar 3I/ATLAS, un objeto que proviene de fuera del Sistema Solar. Según el Minor Planet Center de Harvard, el aviso técnico fue emitido el 21 de octubre de 2025, marcando el inicio de una inédita campaña global de observación astronómica.

Un Objeto que Desafía las Leyes Cósmicas

El cometa 3I/ATLAS ha desconcertado a los astrónomos por su “anticola”, una corriente de partículas que apunta hacia el Sol, lo opuesto a lo que ocurre en los cometas comunes. Este comportamiento ha generado especulaciones sobre su origen y composición.

De acuerdo con El Tiempo y La Razón, la Red Internacional de Alerta de Asteroides (IAWN) lanzó una campaña de astrometría que se extenderá del 27 de noviembre de 2025 al 27 de enero de 2026. Durante este periodo, telescopios de todo el mundo observarán al cometa con el fin de determinar con precisión su trayectoria.

Es la primera vez que un objeto interestelar es incluido en una campaña global coordinada por la IAWN, un organismo que solo se activa ante posibles amenazas reales para la Tierra.

NASA y la Defensa Planetaria: Entre la Precaución y el Misterio

Aunque la NASA no ha emitido declaraciones públicas, su decisión de activar los protocolos de defensa planetaria ha despertado curiosidad y preocupación en redes sociales. En la plataforma X (antes Twitter), muchos usuarios cuestionan el silencio de la agencia:

“¿Qué sabe la NASA que nosotros no?”

Mientras tanto, científicos aseguran que se trata de un ejercicio de vigilancia rutinario, diseñado para fortalecer la cooperación internacional ante potenciales amenazas espaciales.

Sin embargo, el profesor Avi Loeb, de la Universidad de Harvard, ha sugerido una hipótesis más audaz: que el 3I/ATLAS podría estar realizando una maniobra controlada, similar a la que usaría una nave espacial avanzada para cambiar su trayectoria utilizando el efecto Oberth —un impulso gravitacional obtenido al pasar cerca del Sol.

Características del Misterioso 3I/ATLAS

Las sondas espaciales que lo observaron cerca de Marte registraron imágenes de un objeto cilíndrico y recubierto de níquel, material característico de naves diseñadas para soportar altas temperaturas. Los cálculos más recientes estiman que el cometa tiene más de 28 millas (45 kilómetros) de diámetro, una magnitud significativamente mayor a la de otros objetos interestelares conocidos.

Aunque no existe evidencia de riesgo inminente para la Tierra, su trayectoria errática mantiene en alerta a los sistemas de observación espacial.

Un Ejercicio Global de Vigilancia Espacial

Durante los próximos meses, la NASA, la ESA (Agencia Espacial Europea) y observatorios de todo el mundo participarán en la Campaña Internacional de Astrometría de Cometas. Este ejercicio busca perfeccionar las técnicas de predicción orbital y fortalecer la defensa planetaria frente a asteroides o cometas potencialmente peligrosos.

El objetivo oficial es “mejorar la capacidad de detección y respuesta temprana ante objetos cercanos a la Tierra”, aunque algunos científicos sostienen que el cometa 3I/ATLAS podría ofrecer información clave sobre la materia interestelar y los orígenes del Sistema Solar.

Teorías y Especulaciones

La aparición del 3I/ATLAS ha revivido las teorías sobre la posibilidad de naves interestelares artificiales. Estas conjeturas se remontan al caso de ‘Oumuamua’ (2017), otro objeto interestelar que también presentó anomalías orbitales inexplicables.

Avi Loeb, autor del libro Extraterrestrial, sostiene que el nuevo visitante podría pertenecer a la misma categoría de fenómenos no naturales. Sin embargo, la comunidad científica internacional se mantiene cautelosa, insistiendo en la necesidad de más datos antes de sacar conclusiones.

Conclusión

La detección del cometa 3I/ATLAS representa un acontecimiento sin precedentes para la astronomía moderna. Aunque la NASA ha mantenido un bajo perfil sobre el caso, la activación de su defensa planetaria demuestra el nivel de seriedad con el que se toman estos fenómenos cósmicos.

Los próximos meses serán clave para determinar si el 3I/ATLAS es simplemente un visitante cósmico peculiar o el mensajero de algo mucho más grande.


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